討論:六年制學程/07/月考3:修訂版本之間的差異
出自六年制學程
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#鮮味:甘旨味,海帶中的麩胺酸鈉,貝類中所含的琥珀酸,柴魚中的次黃嘌呤核酸(IMP),香菇中的鳥嘌呤核苷酸(GMP),綠茶中的麩胺酸乙醯胺苷等,陸續被科學家發現。由這些發現得知,鮮味乃是由種種胺基酸與有機酸等所組成的微妙而複雜的味道。 | #鮮味:甘旨味,海帶中的麩胺酸鈉,貝類中所含的琥珀酸,柴魚中的次黃嘌呤核酸(IMP),香菇中的鳥嘌呤核苷酸(GMP),綠茶中的麩胺酸乙醯胺苷等,陸續被科學家發現。由這些發現得知,鮮味乃是由種種胺基酸與有機酸等所組成的微妙而複雜的味道。 | ||
#眾多鮮味物質中以麩胺酸鈉(即味精)最具代表性,該物質的鮮味早就為人類所熟知且加以利用。 | #眾多鮮味物質中以麩胺酸鈉(即味精)最具代表性,該物質的鮮味早就為人類所熟知且加以利用。 | ||
− | # | + | #在食物蛋白質中,麩胺酸所佔的比例遠高於另外的十九種胺基酸(表一),當麩胺酸與其它胺基酸共同結合成蛋白質時,因其隱藏於蛋白質分子中,故無法刺激味蕾而顯現出鮮味,一旦其由蛋白質中釋放出來而成為游離胺基酸,而且與食鹽中的鈉離子共同存在時,則會表現出特別的鮮味出來。所以演化出甘味是為了讓動物追求蛋白質食物。熊貓就是因為甘味基因突變掉了,才會愛知竹子。 |
+ | #表二列出一些日常食物中所含天然游離麩胺酸的量,可比較一下是否與食用時的鮮味感覺有直接的關係。 | ||
− | + | <p>表一、食物蛋白質中麩胺酸所佔的百分比</p> | |
− | <p | + | <table> |
− | <table><tr> | + | <tr> |
− | + | <td style="width:118px;border:1.0pt solid maroon;padding-left:1.4pt; padding-right:1.4pt; padding-top:0cm; padding-bottom:0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">食物種類</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 161px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">麩胺酸在蛋白質中<br> | |
− | + | 所佔的百分比</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 129px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">食物種類</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 191px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">麩胺酸在蛋白質中<br> | |
− | + | 所佔的百分比</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | </tr> | |
− | + | <tr> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 118px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">蕃茄</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 161px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">37.1%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 129px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">甜玉米</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 191px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">15.1%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | </tr> | |
− | + | <tr> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 118px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">乳酪</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 161px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">27.4%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 129px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">青豆類</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 191px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">14.8%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | </tr> | |
− | + | <tr> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 118px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">牛奶</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 161px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">19.3%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 129px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">牛肉</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 191px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">13.5%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | </tr> | |
− | + | <tr> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 118px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">雞肉</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 161px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">16.1%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 129px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">蛋類</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 191px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">12.5%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | </tr> | |
− | + | <tr> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 118px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">豬肉</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 161px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">15.7%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 129px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">菠菜</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | <td style="width: 191px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | |
− | + | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | |
− | + | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">9.1%</font></span></p></td> | |
− | + | </tr> | |
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p>表二、食物中天然游離麩胺酸的含量</p> | ||
+ | <table> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td style="width:142px;border:1.0pt solid maroon;padding-left:1.4pt; padding-right:1.4pt; padding-top:0cm; padding-bottom:0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">食物種類</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 186px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">天然游離麩胺酸含量</font><span lang="EN-US"><font size="4"> (公克/100公克)</font></span></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 97px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">食物種類</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 181px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; line-height:20px" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">天然游離麩胺酸含量</font><span lang="EN-US"><font size="4">(公克/100公克)</font></span></span></p></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 142px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">乳酪</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 186px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">1.200</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 97px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">青花菜</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 181px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.176</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 142px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">葡萄汁</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 186px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.258 | ||
+ | </font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 97px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">甜玉米</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 181px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.130</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 142px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">番茄</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 186px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.246</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 97px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">馬鈴薯</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 181px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.102</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 142px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">豌豆</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 186px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.200</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 97px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">青豆類</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 181px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.075</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 142px; border-left: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">洋菇</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 186px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.18</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 97px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; "><font size="4">菠菜</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | <td style="width: 181px; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid maroon; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid maroon; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm"> | ||
+ | <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0" align="center"> | ||
+ | <span style="font-family: 標楷體; " lang="EN-US"><font size="4">0.047</font></span></p></td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
− |
2020年1月9日 (四) 07:52的修訂版本
- 胺基酸:
- 樂高積木拼起來:
- 麩胺酸、榖胺酸、谷胺酸:
- 麩胺酸鈉(味精):
- 基本味覺:酸、甜、苦、鹹、鮮等五味。
- 鮮味:甘旨味,海帶中的麩胺酸鈉,貝類中所含的琥珀酸,柴魚中的次黃嘌呤核酸(IMP),香菇中的鳥嘌呤核苷酸(GMP),綠茶中的麩胺酸乙醯胺苷等,陸續被科學家發現。由這些發現得知,鮮味乃是由種種胺基酸與有機酸等所組成的微妙而複雜的味道。
- 眾多鮮味物質中以麩胺酸鈉(即味精)最具代表性,該物質的鮮味早就為人類所熟知且加以利用。
- 在食物蛋白質中,麩胺酸所佔的比例遠高於另外的十九種胺基酸(表一),當麩胺酸與其它胺基酸共同結合成蛋白質時,因其隱藏於蛋白質分子中,故無法刺激味蕾而顯現出鮮味,一旦其由蛋白質中釋放出來而成為游離胺基酸,而且與食鹽中的鈉離子共同存在時,則會表現出特別的鮮味出來。所以演化出甘味是為了讓動物追求蛋白質食物。熊貓就是因為甘味基因突變掉了,才會愛知竹子。
- 表二列出一些日常食物中所含天然游離麩胺酸的量,可比較一下是否與食用時的鮮味感覺有直接的關係。
表一、食物蛋白質中麩胺酸所佔的百分比
食物種類 |
麩胺酸在蛋白質中 |
食物種類 |
麩胺酸在蛋白質中 |
蕃茄 |
37.1% |
甜玉米 |
15.1% |
乳酪 |
27.4% |
青豆類 |
14.8% |
牛奶 |
19.3% |
牛肉 |
13.5% |
雞肉 |
16.1% |
蛋類 |
12.5% |
豬肉 |
15.7% |
菠菜 |
9.1% |
表二、食物中天然游離麩胺酸的含量
食物種類 |
天然游離麩胺酸含量 (公克/100公克) |
食物種類 |
天然游離麩胺酸含量(公克/100公克) |
乳酪 |
1.200 |
青花菜 |
0.176 |
葡萄汁 |
0.258 |
甜玉米 |
0.130 |
番茄 |
0.246 |
馬鈴薯 |
0.102 |
豌豆 |
0.200 |
青豆類 |
0.075 |
洋菇 |
0.18 |
菠菜 |
0.047 |