第二份英文作業/2019.02.11-2019.06.30/丁禾

2019.02.11~2019.02.17

新聞

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2019.02.18~2019.02.24

新聞

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The biology of gender, from DNA to the brain

Dr. Karissa Sanbonmatsu is a prominent Epigeneticist. She works at laboratories funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. Being a transgender woman, she is often asked that how she determines that she is female? Dr. Karrisa couldn't answer the question at her young age, so she decided to use her profession to explore the topic. After decades of researching, her team found the mechanism of gender formation. During the third month of pregnancy, human embryos' genitals develop into either female or male, while their brains start to differ from the opposite gender during the sixth month of pregnancy. Affected by both external and internal factors, some embryos may develop brains that have different features from their genitals' gender, which just like Dr. Karissa herself.

At the end of the speech, Dr. Karrisa mentioned struggles of being a transgender woman. When she was young, she was often mocked by her colleagues, and her works were often discredited. She called on other LGBT people to seek help when they suffered from depression. She said that she hoped everyone could accept their true self.

2019.02.25~2019.03.03

新聞

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My philosophy for a happy life

Sam Berns was a seventeen-year-old teenager when he gave his speech at TED. He had a rare genetic disorder called Progeria, which causes people aging at their young age. The specific symptoms includes limmited growth, loss hair, abnormal skin, and cardiovascular problems. Sam had lived a hard live. He often got sick and spent days in the hospital. He was also forrbidened to attend many sports activity. However, Sam had no intention to talk about his suffering; he wanted to tell people that he was happy. There were many obstacle in his life, but he just put them behind him. He only focused on things that made him happy. He liked music, so he learned how to play drums, atteneded school band and made new songs. He made many friends in the band, who were always encouraging. His family was also supportive. Sam said that he never felt less worthy than others because the people surrounded him never looked down at him. Also, even he was in bad conditions, he always looked forward and believed tomarrow would be better. Sam passed away after a month he gave his speech, but his philosophy for a happy life will continue to encourage people all over the world.

2019.03.04~2019.03.10

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Greta Thunberg

At the middle of 2018, Greta Thunberg grabed the headlines all over the world . In August 2018, the Swedish girl skipped her class, sat outside the country's parliament building and demanded Swedish government to reduce Sweden's carbon emission. Her action has inspired tens of tounsands European students, who start to rally outside their government building and urge changes for better environmental policy.

Greta first heard about the term 'climate change' when she was eight years old. She didn't know the meaning of the word. However, when she got older, she learned the impact of human activities on our planet. She couldn't understand why even the most prominent climate experts idicates that climate change would cause mass extinction, no one do anything about it. So, she decided to take action. When she was in ninth grade, she started the school-strike movement which swept through European countries. Greta spoke at TEDxStockholm and was invited to talk to the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Her courage and determination has paved a path for a brighter future.

2019.03.11~2019.03.17

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Don’t Be a Teacher | Erin Pudlo

At the ninth grade, Erin Pudlo was told by her educator that she would become a English teacher one day. Her educator was right. Twenty years later, Erin works in a middle school where she teaches English Language Arts. However, she finds that her job is not just giving out information anymore. With the help of the Internet, modern teenagers have access to almost all the knowledge on this planet. Students can learn everything outside the classroom, and Pudlo suddenly realized that her role as an educator must be changed. Instead of giving out concrete knowledge, teachers should help students analyzing, recognizing, and responding to the information they find on the Internet. Erin’s speech has reshaped people’s view of education, and her efforts will inspire more educators to challenge the meaning of being a teacher.

2019.03.18~2019.03.24

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2019.03.25~2019.03.31

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2019.04.01~2019.04.07

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2019.04.08~2019.04.14

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2019.04.15~2019.04.21

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Hiding in plain sight -- my life as an undocumented American

At her 20's, Leezia Dhalla's life was changed forever. She just came back from a ski trip with her college friends when her dad told her, "You have no papers." Leezia was born in Canada. When she was young, her dad ventured to America, looking for better jobs. He later decided to bring his family with him. Leezia moved to America at six; she had spent most of her life in the country, and she considered herself as an American. She came to the state legally. Her parents paid taxes every year. They also hired an attorney to file applications for the family's citizenship. However, something went wrong. The attorney filed the documents late, and the application got rejected. The family's visas were expired. They could no longer open a bank account, get their retirement pension or even look for jobs. Leezia had to give up her opportunity of studying aboard. She knew that once she left the country, she would be banned from reentering again. She finished her college, but the government only granted her two-year work permission. She had no future in America. At the end of her speech, Leezia was sobbing, pleading people to help her obtain a brighter future and fulfill her dream.

2019.04.22~2019.04.28

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Summary of Désirée’s Baby

Désirée was an abandoned child. When she was a baby, a rich landlord found her near the gate of his farm. She was adopted by the man and his wife. Eighteen years later, Désirée fell in love with a young man called Armand, who came from one of the most prestigious family in the area. He was born in France, and then moved to the States at eight after his mother’s death. They got married. Désirée bared him a boy. Désirée felt so happy, with her husband and son, but suddenly, Armand started avoiding her. He came home late, and when he talked to Désirée, there was no affection in his eyes. Désirée was confused. She didn’t know what happened until one day, she saw a black servant fanning her son. She noticed that her son looked just like the servant. Désirée rushed to Armand, grabbing his hand. Armand shook her hand away coolly. He accused her that she was not white. Désirée denied the accusation. Although her ancestry was unclear, she had brownish hair and a pair of grey eyes. Her skin was paler than her husband’s. There was no way that she was black. Armand didn’t believe her. It broke Désirée’s heart. She went back to her baby, carrying him in her arms and straying into the forest. No one had ever seen her again. At the end of the story, Armand burned all Désirée’s belongings. Those which got burned included a tiny bundle of letters. However, the letters didn’t come from Désirée, but his mother. He’d read the letters. One of them revealed that his mother was black.

特選

生物

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A day in the life of a Mongolian queen - Anne F. Broadbridge

Invicta

A Roman Soldier's diet

The diet of a Roman soldier consisted of ration and non-ration.
- The military Rations was composed of 75% of grain by weight. The non-grain part may include vegetables, meat and herbs.
- The non-ration food, which included extra honey, wine and herbs, could be gathered though trade, requisition, or pillaging.
The rations were distributed at the first day of a month in forms of grain, meat, vegetables, and salt.
Soldiers had two meals a day, one in the morning and the other at evening.
- They usually had cold meat and cheese in the morning and a proper meal at dinner.
There were units specialized at gathering fire woods, water and other resources. They worked on a daily basis.
Sometimes soldiers ate pre-made meal made by villagers or themselves if they were carrying out special operations.

Cooking Process

Soldiers who lived in the same tent cooked together. A tent contained 8 people.
Soldiers had to grind the grain down to flour by using a small handmill. The process could take an hour.
Then, Soldiers added salt, herbs and water in the flour to make dough.
Soldiers baked the dough on the fire. It would take two hours for the dough turning to bread.

Soldiers sometimes cooked porridge. But porridge could not be preserved, so they usually baked bread.