第二份英文作業/2018.08.30-2019.01.18/邱申晴：修訂版本之間的差異

2018年10月28日 (日) 20:09的修訂版本

2018.09.17~2018.09.23

THE CULTURAL RICHES OF SARAWAK

Sarawak's capital city, Kuching, offers a different experience. It's packed with bistros, bars, and all of the conveniences of most modern cities. Yet Kuching retains its old. world charm because it doesn't suffer from major traffic or pollution problems.

As you travel around Kuching, you're certain to notice numerous cat statues around the city. That's because the city has had a long love affair with their feline friends. In fact, the name of the city, kuching, means 'cat' in Malay. No one knows for certain why the city was named after cats, but there are different theories. Some think that many shorttailed cats were living there when the city was built. Others believe the city got its name due to a miscommunication during the colonial era. In either case, the residents of Kuching embraced the name and their connection to cats.

Affections run so deep that when the city's feline population started declining in the 1950s, residents demanded action. In response, the British Royal Air Force parachuted 14,000 cats into the city to stabilize the population in a mission called Operation Cat Drop.

To learn more about Kuching's history with cats, check out the Kuching Cat Museum. It has more than 4,000 cat-related artifacts on display. This collection includes contemporary paintings, giant replicas, and porcelain figurines. There is even a mummified cat that was imported from Egypt. Before leaving the city, you can spend time with real cats at one of the city's many cat cafés. Petting a happy Kuching cat as you sip a cup of coffee is a great way to end your "purr-fect" vacation.

砂拉越的首都是古晉，它提供了一個不一樣的體驗。那裏充滿了小酒館、酒吧和大多數現代城市的所有便利設備。然而，古晉保留了古老世界的魅力，因為他沒有遭受到從重大交通貨汙染帶來的影響。

當你來古晉旅遊時，你一定會注意到城市周圍有很多貓的雕像。那是因為這城市長期熱愛他們的貓科朋友。事實上，「古晉」這個名字，在馬來語中代表貓。沒有人確定這個城市為甚麼以貓來命名，但它們有不同的理論。一些人認為，當他們在建造這個城市時，有很多短尾貓居住在這。也有人相信，是因為殖民時代的溝通不良，才叫這個名字。不管是何種情況下，古晉的居民都欣然接受這個名字和他們與貓的關係。

居民和貓的感情很深厚，所以這個城市在1950年貓數量開始下降時，居民就要求要採舉行動。為了因應這個狀況，英國皇家空軍就在一個叫投貓行動的任務，空投了14000隻貓到這個城市裡來穩定貓的數量。

想了解更多關於古晉和貓的歷史，就進去古晉貓咪博物館裡參觀吧。那裡有超過四千個跟貓有關的工藝品在展出中。這些收藏品包誇當代的畫、巨大複製品和瓷器小雕像。甚至有從埃及運輸來的貓咪木乃伊。在離開這個城市前，你可以花一些時間到這個城市很多的貓咪咖啡館中的一家和真實的貓咪再一起。一邊撫摸著快樂的古晉貓咪，一邊啜飲著咖啡，是結束這完美假期很好的方式。

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2018.09.24~2018.9.30

Losing Touch with Nature May Make You Sick

For something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv, who acknowledges that NDD is mostly a metaphor for a lifestyle lacking in contact with nature, came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. Experts believe that problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be relieved through contact with nature, whereas they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.

According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. However, mothers and fathers shouldn’t force their kids to go outside or use it as a type of punishment. Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, and doing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. In turn, this aids in the development of confidence and overall good health.

對於還未受到認可的醫學狀況下，大自然缺失症在2005年第一個被創造以來，它得到了很多的關注。作家Richard Louv認為大自然缺失症主要是對缺乏接觸大自然的一種隱喻，在《失去山林的孩子：拯救大自然缺失症兒童》這本書中提到的術語。Louv說明，和那些一直看電視和大部份休閒時間都待在室內的小孩相比，時常在戶外玩的小孩更不容易生病、感到有壓力、個性好鬥。事實上，有研究支持了這個說法，提到小孩長時間在戶外玩心理和生理都會更健康。專家相信像是注意力不集中和過動症，都可以經由和大自然接觸而得到緩和，而在室內看電視、玩電動遊戲和一直看智慧型手機的人會更惡化。此外研究也指出自然就像一劑藥能幫助增強免疫系統。

根據Louv，讓父母去鼓勵它們的孩子盡可能到戶外玩，大自然缺失症的影響可能會減輕或甚至是逆轉。然而父母不應該強迫他們的小孩到戶外或把它當成一種處罰方式。相反的，Louv說他們應該當典範，花一些時間帶著孩子到公園、海邊、露營或是做其他活動。他還說，當孩子在和大自然互動時，能學到很多重要、實用的技能，像冒險、獨立和做決定。藉此能幫助它們發展自信心和整體的健康。

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2018.10.1~2018.10.7

A New Kind of Eating Disorder

Taking things too far can become a problem even if the reasoning behind the extreme behavior is for your own good. Health nuts obsess about exercising and diets. They count the number of carbohydrates in every meal and how much body fat they burn at the gym. Caring about what kinds of food we put into our bodies can be healthy, or it can go so far as to become an eating disorder of its own, known as orthorexia nervosa. First described by Dr. Steven Bratman in 1997, it refers to people who are so fixated on eating healthy food that it negatively affects other parts of their lives.

Focusing on eating fresh foods or avoiding certain unhealthy meals has become a lifestyle choice for many. Some people don't know where to draw the line and end up spending absurd amounts of time or money on making sure they are eating right. Orthorexia rears its ugly head when people give up living a normal life to eat only pure food and avoid what they see as contamination. Not trusting perfectly good food is another symptom of the eating disorder, along with pathological behavior like self-punishment for eating the "wrong" kind of food, and other obsessive tendencies.

It took many years for the disorder to be recognized. It was first mentioned in a peer-reviewed scientific journal in 2004. Although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association doesn't list orthorexia as a diagnosable medical condition, more and more people are discussing it on social media. With this open communication, maybe those suffering from orthorexia will find it easier to seek help.

把事情做得太超過可能會變成一個問題，就算在極端行為背後的理論是為了自己好。健康狂熱者對於運動和飲食過分在意。他們計算著每一餐碳水化合物的量和運動讓燃燒調多少體脂肪。關心我們吃進什麼樣的食物能變得健康，但是太過的話甚至會變成一個叫健康飲食癡迷者的飲食失調。這個病第一次在1997年被Dr. Steven Bratman描述，他指出太專注於食用健康食品，導致在自己生活其他部分中產生負面影響的人。不相信完美的食物是飲食失調的另一個症狀，以及對於吃下「錯誤」食物而自我懲罰等病態行為和其他強迫傾向也是其中一個症狀。

對很多人來說，專注在吃新鮮食品或避面某些不健康餐點已經變成一種生活方式的選擇了。有些人不知道該怎麼劃親界線，最後卻花了大量的時間或金錢來確保他們吃對食物。當人們放棄過正常的生活而只吃純淨的食物並避免他們視為污染的食物時，健康食品痴迷者就會出現。

這種疾病花了很多年才得到認可。它首次於2004年的同行評審的科學期刊中提及。雖然美國精神病學學會的診斷和統計手冊沒有將健康食品痴迷症列為可診斷的疾病，越來越多的人在社交媒體上討論它。藉由這種開放的溝通，也許有健康痴迷症者會更容易尋求幫助。

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2018.10.08~2018.10.14

TCSTCLI

Just how delicious is Cadbury chocolate? Here are a few clues1 for you: it has the stamp of approval2 from the Queen of England, it inspired3 author Roald Dahl to write Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and there are two tourist attractions based on the company's products.

Let's start with the Queen. In 1854, 30 years after Cadbury was founded by John Cadbury in Birmingham, England, Cadbury was awarded its first Royal Warrant▼ from Queen Victoria. A Royal Warrant indicates a particular company supplies goods to the Royal Family, which suggests they are of superior4 quality. It's a bit like saying, "The Queen approves of this product." Cadbury wasn't always a leader in the world of chocolate. In fact, Cadbury was originally known more for selling tea and coffee. By the time John Cadbury's sons, Richard and George, took over the company in 1861, the future looked bleak▼. Sales had fallen, and Cadbury was actually losing money. The sons managed to turn the company around in the span of five years by focusing more on chocolate and improving quality.

As a type of market survey in the 1920s, Cadbury would send samples of their new chocolates to school kids to get their opinions on them. One of these testers was none other than Roald Dahl, who was inspired to write Charlie and the Chocolate Factory decades later. Cadbury also introduced Fancy Boxes, packaging5 candy in containers6 designed to look pretty, including heart-shaped ones for Valentine's Day. Other candy and chocolate companies continue to copy this marketing concept7 to this day.

To further their branding▼, the company opened two tourist attractions called Cadbury World. The first Cadbury World was opened in 1990 in Birmingham, England, while the second followed in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 2003. Perhaps a young visitor to one of those facilities will someday go on to create a famous piece of fiction8 about chocolate as well!

2018.10.15~2018.10.21

2018.10.22~2018.10.28

2018.10.29~2018.11.04